
One common question we get at Coastal Creek Animal Hospital is around nutrition and diet advice for pet owners in Summerville. And even when this isn’t brought up it’s one of the key topics we know that every new pet owner needs to be educated on to live with healthy pets. A proper diet supports your pet’s energy level, coat, immune system, and overall well-being.
This guide will simplify pet nutrition, explaining essential nutrients, how to pick the right food and ways to handle common diet challenges. Whether you’re new to pet ownership or want to improve your pet’s diet, this guide will help you make better choices for your furry friend.
Essential Nutrients for Household Pets


Proteins
Proteins are vital for muscle growth, tissue repair, and immune function in dogs and cats. High-quality animal-based proteins, such as chicken, beef, and fish, are ideal sources. When selecting pet food, look for products that list meat as the first ingredient.
For cats, who are obligate carnivores, a diet rich in animal proteins is especially crucial.
Adult dogs require a minimum of 18% protein as dry matter or 45 grams per 1,000 kcal ME (AAFCO guidelines). An easier way to think about it is about 1 gram of protein per pound.
Cats should have a minimum of 26% protein as dry matter or 65 grams of protein per 1,000 kcal ME. That ends up being about 2 grams of protein per pound of healthy body weight daily.

Fats
Fats serve as a concentrated energy source and play a role in maintaining healthy skin and coat. They also aid in the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins. Healthy fat sources include fish oil, chicken fat, and flaxseed oil. Ensure a balance of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids for optimal skin and coat health.
Most commercial adult dog foods typically contain 5%–15% fat (dry-matter basis), while puppy diets usually contain 8%–20% fat (dry-matter basis).
For cats, as much as 60% of the calories in their diet may come from fat.

Carbohydrates
While less essential for cats, carbohydrates provide energy for dogs. Quality sources include whole grains, sweet potatoes, and certain fruits and vegetables. However, it’s important to note that cats have a limited ability to digest carbohydrates compared to dogs.
Both dogs and cats can digest and metabolize properly cooked carbohydrates in amounts found in commercial pet foods. Cats cannot metabolize fructose, a specific type of sugar found in fruit, table sugar, and corn syrup.

Vitamins and Minerals
These micronutrients support various bodily functions, including immune health, bone strength, and metabolic processes. A balanced diet typically provides the necessary vitamins and minerals, but some pets may require supplements under veterinary guidance.
Essential vitamins and minerals for dogs include Vitamin A, B vitamins, Calcium, Copper, Vitamin C, Vitamin D, Vitamin E, and Iodine.

Water
Fresh, clean water should always be available to pets. Proper hydration is crucial for digestion, temperature regulation, and overall health. Proper hydration helps prevent urinary tract infections and stones, supports kidney and liver function, enhances coat and skin health, and aids digestive health.
Make sure to leave out water at all times and to change it regularly for clean water.
Nutrition for Different Life Stages

Puppies and Kittens
Young animals require diets rich in protein and calories to support rapid growth. Their food should be specifically formulated for their life stage to ensure proper development.
Puppies and kittens need more protein in their diet than adult and senior animals. Kittens and puppies should eat specially formulated food until about 10-12 months of age because they require extra DHA and Vitamin E to build strong immune systems and develop healthy neural functions.

Adult Pets
A balanced diet for adult pets should maintain their health and energy levels. It’s important to adjust portions based on the pet’s activity level to prevent obesity and underfeeding.
Adult dogs require moderate amounts of most nutrients, including calories, protein, fat, vitamins, and minerals. If a dog or cat in this life stage is healthy, a diet formulated for adult maintenance is ideal for the optimal nutritional value of its food.

Senior Pets
As pets age, their nutritional needs change. Senior pets may benefit from diets lower in calories but higher in fiber. They may also require additional supplements for joint health or cognitive function.
Senior dogs tend to be less active than their younger counterparts, but energy requirements can be higher or lower than young to middle-aged animals, depending on the age and the presence or absence of disease.
In general, animals with chronic diseases require more calories to maintain their weight. Healthy senior animals may require increased dietary protein to help maintain lean muscle mass.
Senior cats, unlike senior dogs, require more calories and fat as they age. They can no longer digest and absorb fat and protein as well, so require more to maintain muscle mass and a healthy body weight.
How to Choose the Right Pet Food

When selecting pet food in Summerville, consider the following:
- Look for products that meet AAFCO (Association of American Feed Control Officials) standards.
- Choose food appropriate for your pet’s life stage and health status.
- Consult with your veterinarian, especially if your pet has specific health concerns.
- Be cautious with trendy diets (e.g., grain-free) unless recommended by a veterinarian.
Summerville pet owners can find a variety of high-quality pet foods at local stores like Petco on North Main Street or All Is Well. These stores offer a range of options suitable for different dietary needs and preferences.
Feeding Guidelines and Portion Control

Proper portion control is essential to maintain a healthy weight for your pet. Overfeeding can lead to obesity, while underfeeding can cause malnutrition. Follow these tips:
- Refer to feeding guidelines on pet food packaging as a starting point.
- Adjust portions based on your pet’s age, size, activity level, and breed.
- Use measuring cups to ensure accurate portions.
- Avoid free-feeding; establish set meal times.
- Monitor your pet’s weight regularly and consult your veterinarian if you notice sudden changes.
Additionally, pet owners should be aware that the FDA has received reports of dogs developing dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) potentially linked to grain-free diets, so caution is advised when considering these types of foods.
Treats and Supplements

While treats can be a great way to reward your pet, they should be given in moderation. Follow these guidelines:
- Treats should not exceed 10% of your pet’s daily calorie intake.
- Avoid feeding table scraps, as many human foods can be harmful to pets
- Choose healthy, pet-specific treats.
- Consider using part of your pet’s regular meal as treats throughout the day.
Common Nutritional Challenges

Obesity
Obesity is a significant concern for pets in Summerville and across the United States. According to the latest data, an estimated 59% of dogs and 61% of cats are overweight or obese. To combat this issue:
- Follow proper feeding guidelines and portion control.
- Incorporate regular exercise into your pet’s routine.
- Avoid overfeeding treats or table scraps.
- Consider weight management diets if recommended by your veterinarian.
Do not underestimate the pet’s weight. A survey found that 32% of owners with overweight or obese pets classified their pets as having a normal body condition.

Food Allergies and Sensitivities
Some pets may develop allergies or sensitivities to certain ingredients. If you notice signs such as itching, digestive issues, or ear infections, consult your veterinarian. They may recommend specialized diets or elimination trials to identify the problematic ingredient.
However, true food allergies are less common than many pet owners believe. Only 5% to 15% of dogs and 1% to 10% of cats with skin or ear disorders are likely to be food allergic. The overall prevalence of food allergies is estimated to be around 1% in both dogs and cats.
The Importance of Regular Veterinary Check-ups

Regular veterinary visits are crucial for monitoring your pet’s overall health and nutritional status. Summerville pet owners can schedule check-ups at local clinics. These professionals can provide personalized nutrition advice based on your pet’s specific needs and health conditions.
Regular veterinary exams, which take place once or twice a year, are an excellent way to help your pet achieve lifelong optimal health by focusing on early disease detection and preventive care.

Adjusting Nutrition to Your Pet’s Needs
Every pet is unique, and their nutritional needs may vary based on factors such as breed, age, activity level, and health status. Some pets may benefit from specialized diets:
- Active dogs may require higher protein and calorie intake.
- Cats with sensitive stomachs might do well on diets formulated for digestive health.
- Pets with joint issues may benefit from foods enriched with omega-3 fatty acids.
It’s important to note that the nutritional needs of pets change throughout their life stages. For example, puppies and kittens require diets rich in protein and calories to fuel their rapid growth, while senior pets may benefit from diets lower in calories but higher in fiber.

How to Transition to a New Diet
EIf you decide to change your pet’s food, it’s important to do so gradually to avoid digestive upset. Follow these steps:
- Introduce the new food over 7-10 days.
- Start by mixing a small amount of the new food with the current food.
- Gradually increase the proportion of new food while decreasing the old food.
- Monitor your pet for any signs of digestive issues during the transition.
A more specific guideline is to use the “1/4 every 4 days” rule: Add 25% new food every four days until your pet has completely transitioned to the new diet. So feed your pet 75% current food and 25% new food for the first four days, 50% current food and 50% new food for the next four days, 25% “old” food and 75% new for the following four days—and then your pet can be fully transitioned to the new food.
Who are We: Coastal Creek Animal Hospital in Summerville, SC

At Coastal Creek Animal Hospital, we believe that being proactive and responsible is one of the best ways to keep your pet safe from harm. By educating our neighbors in how to spot and protect their pets, we hope to contribute and extend the lifelong companionship that every hoped for.
Our experienced team, led by the compassionate Dr. Mack, provides tailored health plans that cater to the unique needs of your furry family members. If it’s been awhile since your last visit or you’d like to come in please do so. We are qualified to deliver everything from routine wellness exams to advanced diagnostic services and a whole suite of surgeries. We are committed to ensuring your pets receive the best care possible in a welcoming healthcare environment.
Take the first step towards a healthier, happier pet today! Schedule an appointment with us and experience the difference that dedicated veterinary care can make. Your pet deserves it!
Frequently Asked Questions
What are the best sources of protein for dogs and cats?
For dogs: Chicken, beef, turkey, lamb, fish, rabbit, and eggs are excellent protein sources. For cats: Chicken, turkey, fish (especially salmon), beef, and duck are top choices. Animal-based proteins are ideal for both species, as they provide essential amino acids that are more easily digestible than plant-based proteins. Look for pet foods that list a high-quality animal protein as the first ingredient.
How do I know if my pet is getting enough vitamins and minerals?
To determine if your pet is getting enough vitamins and minerals, look for these signs:
- A healthy, shiny coat without excessive shedding or dandruff
- Good energy levels and normal activity
- Healthy skin without dryness, scaling, or infections
- Strong nails that grow at a normal rate
- Normal bowel movements without chronic diarrhea or constipation
- Proper weight maintenance
- Good appetite
What are the common signs of nutritional deficiencies in pets?
Common signs include:
Dull or thinning coat • Dry, flaky skin • Lethargy or decreased energy • Poor appetite • Muscle weakness • Slow wound healing • Digestive issues (diarrhea, constipation) • Changes in behavior or mood
If you notice any of these symptoms persisting, consult your veterinarian for a proper diagnosis and treatment plan.
How can I ensure my pet is hydrated properly?
- Consider using a pet water fountain to encourage drinking
- Add moisture to dry food by mixing in some water or wet food
- Monitor water intake, especially in hot weather or during illness
- For cats, place multiple water bowls around the house
- Avoid giving pets access to standing water outdoors
- Provide fresh, clean water at all times
What are the differences in nutritional needs between puppies and senior pets?
Puppies need more protein, calories, and certain nutrients like DHA for growth and development. Senior pets generally require fewer calories but may benefit from increased fiber, antioxidants, and joint-supporting nutrients.
Puppies need food specifically formulated for growth, while seniors may do better on specially formulated senior diets. Always consult with your veterinarian to determine the best diet for your pet’s specific life stage and health needs.